• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children is useful up to age 18, but at age 16, transition to Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults
• Racial and cultural differences in IQ tests (re: standardized testing biases)
  • Native Americans educated on a reservation their IQ as a group is around 80 (borderline at risk of intellectual disability);
  • Blacks/Hispanics within average range but not 100;
  • Minorities have been overrepresented in LD : Could there be a bias in the test? Which means that certain items put certain individuals because of their identity at a disadvantage relative to peers
• David Wechsler created this test in the 40s aimed at kids; since been expanded to adults and preschool scale (1.5 - 6 years old)
  • Intentionally trying not to measure achievement
  • Working memory typically a tell: still score within average, but down closer to low 90s (as a group)
  • Block design is best nonverbal IQ test
    • Recreate block pattern (faster, better score)
    • In a time pinch, this and a verbal IQ test will give a reasonable measure
  • Similarities
    • In what way are 3 and 4 similar? All the way to In what way are dreams and reality similar? In what way are space and time similar?
  • Matrix Reasoning
  • Digit Span
    • Repeat digits back to me, say them backwards, say them in numerical order
    • 7 +- 2 is average digit span; only applies to digits forward/backwards
    • 6 +-2 for numerical sequence; cost of holding it in WM as you operate on them
  • Letter Number Sequencing (good attentional skills -- holding it in WM and manipulating it)
    • “B,5, J, 7, K” and you have to recall letters in order “B,J,K” and then numbers in order “5,7”
  • Vocabulary
    • Asking for definitions of given words (soap to garrulous)
    • Getting into oral language (vocabulary that allows them to use language in an appropriate way)
  • Symbol Search
    • Falls under processing speed measures (not so much getting it wrong but how many can you get)
    • 60 of them (typical score is 30 -- cross out if the picture is the same)
  • Coding
    • Draw the associated symbol with the number and do as many as you can
    • Measure of processing speed -- 2 minutes to do as many as you can